Friday, December 03, 2010

R Japan Bengali frequency change


R Japan Bengali service to replace inaudible frequency of 11860 kHz to 9720 kHz from 12.12.2010 1300-1345 UTC.








Friday, November 12, 2010

TECSUN PL-660, Tecsun's answer to Grundig G3

Tecsun's answer to Grundig G3, is on sale now 
More goodies on less price, and sure it will be more sturdy than G3

Will it replace PL600 ? sure more features and sure if its a development on PL600 then it will be much better than G3

search "pl660" on Ebay.

Currently the black version is on offer ($75+$28) from anon-co ; I think its a great buy.


OWL via  Grundig_G3 Yahoo Group
To visit your group on the web, go to:
   http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Grundig_G3/

 TECSUN PL-660 Digital PLL FM stereoMWSW LW multi-band 

DUAL CONVERSION / AIR BAND / SSB / SYNC

   

 << ENGLISH VERSION – ENGLISH LABEL & MANUAL >>
<<New & Export Version>>

TECSUN PL-660 FM stereo.MW.SW.LW multi band DUAL CONVERSION / AIR BAND / SSB / SYNC radio.

The direct frequency entry, you can easy to turn into a station that you know the band frequency. Or you can use the ATS (Auto Tuning Storage) functions on FM / MW / LW & SW bands, all the available stations will be stored in the memory automatically. The alarm functions that you can wake by your favorite radio station. And the temperature function can be selected as Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F).

Frequency Range:
FM : 76 ~ 108MHz 
       
Japan  76 ~ 108MHz / Germany  87.5 ~ 108MHz 
MW : 522 ~ 1620kHz (band step 1/9kHz for Asia / Africa / Europe) / 520 ~ 1710kHz (band step 10kHz for Northern America) · 
LW : 100KHz to 519KHz (band step 1/9kHz)
SW : 1711KHz to 29999KHz.(band step 1/5kHz) 
AIR :  118~137MHz (band step 1/25kHz)

Noise Limit sensitivity: 
FM band < 3uV @30dB.
MW band <1mV/m @26dB.
LW band <5mV/m @26dB.
SW band < 20uV @ 26dB. 
SSB <1uV
AIR  <5uV

Special Function: 
Dual Conversion
SSB
 (include upper side band & lower side band)
Air Band
SYNC
 to improve receiving quality while signals of AM is being interfered by the strong signals of nearby radio stations.
Tone Adjustment to adjust the TREBLE & BASS.

Six tuning mode selectable: 
1) Jog dial manual tuning   
2) Auto scan tuning for FM, MW, LW & SW 
3) Pre-setting manual scan tuning  
4) Memory pre-setting auto scan tuning  
5) Memory pre-setting address direct entry tuning  
6) Frequency direct entry tuning.
 
Auto Tuning Storage function (ATS) for FM, MW , LW & SW band.

*Page 0 memories???:

FM: 100 memories

MW:100 memories

LW:100 memories 

SW:200 memories 

SSB: 200 memories

AIR: 100 memories

*100 memories on each page from Page 1-12.


  • Multi-functions Digital Display for Frequency, Signal Strength, S/N ratio, Clock & Alarm, Temperature(°C or °F)& Battery Consumption.
  • LCD Display Screen
  • Digital clock function with 12/24 Hour Format
  •  Alarm by radio, and with the automatically alarm stopper within 1 - 90 minutes.
  • Highly intelligent On / Off switch : allow to set the sleep timer from 1 - 120 minutes, or turn the power on / off directly.
  • FM Mono & Stereo.
  • Light & Snooze function – 5 minutes, repeated three times
  • Key lock functio.

  • Volume Knob with maximum 30 sound levels


    • Vertical Back Stand
    • Built In DC 5V USB jack, Earphone Jack, FM & SW Antenna Jack
    • Built-in Charging System to charge the Ni-MH rechargeable battery
    • Power supply : USB 6V/300mA external adaptor (included) / 4pcs AA size rechargeable batteries(included) 
    • Unit size 187 x 114 x 33 mm (L x H x W)
    • Net Weight :470g (not included batteries)
    • Original accessories : 1pc stereo earphone, 1pc wire antenna , 1pc carrying pouch, 120v / 220v flat pin / 230v adaptor for selection and English manual (printing format available later / E-manual first).

     

Thursday, November 04, 2010

RVA Bengali listeners meet

Radio Veritas Asia Bengali annual listeners meet on 27.2.2011 at Siliguri, West Bengal.

Thanks
Swopan Chakroborty
Kolkata, India

Friday, October 15, 2010

Radio Netherlands B10

Radio Netherlands Worldwide
Shortwave Transmission Schedule

31st October 2010 to 27th March 2011

Asia English

TIME(UTC) AREA KHZ METERBAND SCHEDULE

10.00-11.00 Southeast Asia 9720 31 Daily
10.00-11.00 Southeast Asia 12065 25 Daily
14.00-16.00 South Asia 12080 25 Daily
14.00-16.00 South Asia 15595 19 Daily

Ashik Eqbal Tokon
Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Monday, September 27, 2010

Bangladesh Betar signs agreement with NHK


Dhaka, Sept 27 - Bangladesh Betar entered into a broadcasting agreement with NHK (the Japan Broadcasting Corporation) at Bangladesh Betar headquarters in the city recently.

Director General of Bangladesh Betar AKM Shamim Chowdhury and NHK director general Makato Harada signed the agreement on behalf of respective sides, a press release said on Monday.

As per the agreement, NHK will provide technical support to Bangladesh Betar to broadcast programs through the FM band from its regional centers in Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet, Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur and Comilla.

Bangladesh Betar will be able to earn $71,175 per year in this regard, the press release said.

NHK will also provide training facilities to Bangladesh Betar officials with a view to improving the quality of program. Bangladesh and Japan will jointly produce radio programs according to the agreement.

Thanks
Swopan Chakroborty

Tuesday, September 21, 2010

Bantayan Island an exotic destination in Philippines


Located at the western portion of the northern tip of Cebu Island in Philippines Bantayan Island is a tropical paradise in South East Asia. The Beaches of Bantayan Island are the best beaches in all Philippines, even among the most beautiful beaches in all South East Asia. The island is called Paradise Island and the finest sandy beaches beside crystal blue water in seas will make your holiday a lifetime experience.

Thursday, September 16, 2010

FM Dxing - comments from Glenn Hauser, World of Radio, USA

Interesting comments from Mr. Glenn Gauser, World of Radio, USA
 
Quote:
 
Swopan,

Some very interesting DX there. Unfortunately, my players can`t handle these odd-format audio files (tried winamp, real, windows media).

It seems to me that quad and longwire are really not suitable for FM DX frequencies. I suspect your results would have been just as good using the built-in whip antenna only, with the advantage that you could quickly manoeuvre it to avoid interference and/or pick up maximum signal. 20 m longwire certainly is not right for FM band of about 3 meters wavelength.

The Es signals were probably so strong that they overcame the antenna wire anyway. One is entirely dependent on when an opening occurs, not so much with having good antenna gain.

Or a yagi cut for the middle of the FM band should give good gain and directionality, but I don`t know if it could be matched properly to that receiver. Perhaps you have already looked into how to do that with the quad, or maybe not with the bad results there.

Typical minimum distance for Es is about 500 miles = 800 km, and most common distance is more like 1000 miles = 1600 km, so you would not be getting nearby Bangladesh via this mode, but rather tropo (weather-related) or groundwave. Maybe parts of Myanmar are far enough away, and of course further parts of India and Pakistan.

With FM DX it is very important to be aware of the distances involved. It might be helpful to draw circles of 500, 1000 and 1500 miles around your location a map. Most of your Es would come from 500-1500 with a peak around 1000. Altho occasionally beyond 1500 is possible by multiple-hops.

So-called trans-equatorial propagation is another matter, which you also might get, outside the summer Es season. Signals are generally steadier but weaker and not fully quieted.

I am basing my comments on some DX I got in Thailand 40 years ago, and on lots more experience here in OK, 36 degrees north, about the same as J&K or northern Tibet, but at least not too far north of you and in the same hemisphere.

Good luck on planning your DXpedition, but if there is not a rather unpredictable Es opening, you may be disappointed. Of course the odds will be much better in May-July.

Or if you become aware of an opening, perhaps a rush trip out to the remote location.

73, Glenn
 
Unquote
 

Sunday, September 05, 2010

FM Dxing

During the 3rd week of June 2010, I had an opportunity of experiencing sporadic e condition in FM band. Earlier, Noticing various distant FM logs, I tried several times from my hometown Kolkata with available receivers. But strong local FM channels & their image frequencies all over the FM band, prevented me to log any distant FM channels. Then dismantling newly home brewed Quad Loop antenna, shifted to another 100 km north of Kolkata, a place called Taherpur (Coordinates 23.18°N 88.58°E) under Nadia district of West Bengal state. Erected a 20 mtr. longwire targeting southeast & northwest. The very first day Quad miserably failed & later on detected that there was no continuity. Then the magic started with the longwire which later on found performing excellent. I used a tiny Tecsun PL 757A portable receiver. Many of the distant FM stations coming like our local FM channels, specially from Pakistan. As if, I am sitting in a city of Pakistan. Most of the pvt. FM channels of Bangladesh like Radio Foorti, Dhaka, Radio Amar, Radio Today Dhaka, were coming very clear. Most surprisingly received BBC Bengali programme via FM at Comilla, Bangladesh. Many of the stations carrying programme in CIS language, could not be identified. Indeed, it is not so easy to perfectly identify a distant FM channel just crosschecking their frequency in the available gadgets. Because various programme run in the same channel in various city of the same country. Although Indian pvt FM channels could not disturb the band much but some channels from central to northwestern India were available. Many of the Thai & Vietnamese channels remained unidentified. 
 
Below you can listen to some of the audio files recorded with my mobile phone recorder.   

Unidentified Chinese 92.4 MHz @ 0519 21.6.2010
 
102.6 MHz 0741UTC 21.6.10 AIR DELHI
 
FM 93 Pakisatn 93.0 MHz 0417 UTC 21.6.10
 
FM Sunrise Sahiwal Pakistan 96.0 MHz 0701 UTC 21.6.2010
 
Local pirate in Bengali
 
Local Pirate 95.6 MHz 1605 UTC 20.6.10
 
Local Pirate 96.4 MHz 1558 UTC 20.6.10
 
Mast FM Lahore Pakistan 103.0 MHz 0352 UTC 21.6.10
 
Power FM Islamabad 99.0 MHz 0728 UTC 21.6.2010
 
Punjab University FM Lahore 0.1 kW 104.6 MHz 0824 UTC 21.6.10
 
Pyinsawadi FM Burma 88.0 MHz 0501 UTC
 
R News Network Pakistan 99.0 MHz 0300 UTC 21.6.10
 
Radio Today Bangladesh 89.6 MHz 0537 UTC 21.6.2010
 
Sichuan R China 91.3 MHz 0400 UTC 21.6.10
 
Unidentified 90.1 MHz
 
Unidentified stn 97.8 MHz 0430 UTC 21.6.2010
 
Unidentified 101.3 MHz Presumably Tibetan
 
Unidentified Bengali 100 MHz  0323UTC 21.6.10
 
Unidentified Chinese stn 21.6.2010
 
Unidentified Chinese stn 92.4 MHz @ 0519 21.6.2010
 
Unidentified Chinese stn 96.0 MHz  0539 UTC
 
Unidentified Indian station
 
Unidentified Kazakh or Uighur language 92.2 MHz 0800 21.6.10
 
Unidentified Turkish language on 93.2 MHz 0418 UTC 20.6.2010
 
Unidentified Uighur language programme
 
But coming back in Kolkata tried several times but nothing fruitful so far. Quad Loop antenna was also erected perfectly. Definitely this was the first experience of sporadic e. Next one will must be a planned FM dxpedition.   
 
Thanks,
Swopan Chakroborty
 

Saturday, September 04, 2010

New TECSUN PL-210 Digital Tuning FM / shortwave / mediumwave / longwave PLL dual conversion Ultralight Portable

PL-210 is an engineers years of design experience, and carefully crafted a pocket full-band digital tuning stereo radio, the machine selects the high-quality integrated circuits, the AM and shortwave receiver dual conversion technology applied to high sensitivity, selectivity, anti-jamming; space-saving, easy to operate, can be up to 1,700 radio frequency in memory, If you like ultralight portables, I hope this radio, to help you enjoy the radio, to bring you joy.



PL-210 Features at a glance:

● The multi-functional machine, can receive FM stereo, medium wave, long wave and the international shortwave radio programs, high sensitivity, good selectivity
● FM receiving frequency range can be set to 87 ~ 108MHz, 88 ~ 108MHz, or 76 ~ 108MHz (to receive part of the campus radio)
● The machine is very user-friendly, easy to use, has a very useful multi-functional digital control knob can be used to set the time, adjust the frequency, select the memory address
● AM by double-conversion technology has greatly improved AM reception sensitivity and anti-mirror interference
● DX - High / Medium / low sensitivity control, can improve the strong signal and weak signal reception station
● six election units: manual search radio frequency, direct digital input frequency, manually search for stored stored radio station or directly enter the address number, stored radio frequency automatic search, automatic search preview the stored stations
● use of ATS feature that automatically searches memory FM / shortwave / medium wave / long wave radio frequency
● The machine can store up to 1,700 radio frequencies. 500 which is stored by band (FM / AM / long wave of the storage 100, SW 200), and the remaining 1,200 memory locations, divided into 12 pages (page 100), classified according to store your personal favorite frequency
● use of high-quality speakers, you can also use the high / bass control switch to change the sound, listen to different programs to meet the needs of
● The machine adopts the 12/24 hour time display, with regular power function, can pre-listen to the radio is turned on, and pre-set automatic shutdown in 1-90 minutes
● Auto power off a smart sleep, you can personal sleep habits, set in the boot automatically shut down after 1-120 minutes
● features intelligent lighting display
● The machine uses two batteries, but also the optional Ni-MH rechargeable battery, the machine is equipped with intelligent charging function, external power port using the most common and most secure of the USB socket, suitable for any commercially available USB mouth of the 5V power adapter.
● delicate protective cover and comes with stereo headphones
● Physical Size: W 125 × 75 × high thick 26 (mm)
● Design Patent No.: 03320375.X


PL-210 Basic Specifications

● Frequency Range / Tuning step

Frequency Modulation (FM) 76 - 108 MHz; smart step 0.01/0.1 MHz
You can choose the frequency coverage:
Standard: 87 - 108 MHz (except for Japan, Germany, Russia, other than national standards)
Germany: 87.5 - 108 MHz
Japan: 76 - 90 MHz
Campus radio: 76 - 108 MHz (including part of the campus radio)

Short-wave (SW) 1711 -29999 kHz; smart step 1 / 5 kHz

AM (MW)
522 - 1620 kHz; smart step 1 / 9 kHz (for Asia, Africa and Europe)
520 - 1710 kHz; smart step 1 / 10 kHz (for North America)

Long Wave (LW) 150 - 519 kHz; smart step 1 / 9 kHz

● Noise limited sensitivity:
Frequency Modulation (FM) (S / N = 30dB) better than 3 uV
AM (MW) (S / N = 26dB) better than 1 mV / m
Long Wave (LW) (S / N = 26dB) better than 5 mV / m
Short-wave (SW) (S / N = 26dB) better than 20 uV

● Optional:
Frequency Modulation (FM)> 25 dB
AM (MW)> 40 dB
Long Wave (LW)> 40 dB
Short-wave (SW)> 25 dB

● FM stereo separation: better than 24 dB

● Output Power:
Speaker: 250 mW
Headphones: 10 mW / 8 - 32 ohm stereo headset

● Number of Storage Memory: Total 1700

(1) according to band storage: 500
Frequency Modulation (FM) 100
AM (MW) 100
Long Wave (LW) 100
Short-wave (SW) 200

(2) cross-band paging memory: 12 pages x 100, 1200 Radio Storage


● awakened mode: radio alarm rang

● Static current:
Frequency Modulation (FM) <27mA
AM / long wave (MW / LW) <45mA
Short-wave (SW) <53mA
Shutdown standby <40uA

● Speaker Size: diameter 40 mm / 12Ω film speaker

● Power supply:
Battery: 2 R6 (V) batteries or rechargeable batteries
External power jack: USB specification / DC 5V 250mA

● Weight: About 200g (without batteries)        

● Physical Size: W 125 × 75 × high thick 26 (mm)

● Design Patent No.: 03320375.X  

● Accessories:
Stereo headphones, protective cover, FM short-wave external antenna, instruction manual, certificate, service guarantee


Available colors: Black, Silver, metallic Red

Mail order prices, gifts and purchase by:
In PR China Mail Order Price: 298 yuan / (including flat postage).
Taobao Network PL210 counters: 【http://item.taobao.com/auction/item_detail.htm?item_num_id=6716945975】

Premium: Any company directly to order Dongguan Desheng, shop in Taobao and online shopping site to buy PL-210, the value of each are accompanied by a gift of 20 yuan, with two 1000mAh rechargeable batteries and USB power line.

But Anon Co on ebay has different Gifts with Them -

http://cgi.ebay.com/TECSUN-PL-210-FM-STEREO-MW-LW-SW-WORLD-BAND-RADIO-/110576628162

http://cgi.ebay.com/NEW-TECSUN-PL-210-DIGITAL-PLL-FM-MW-LW-SW-PL210-RADIO-/220667701223?pt=Shortwave_Radios&hash=item3360d1e7e7#ht_2131wt_911

In PR China How to buy:

■ nearest to purchase:
You can go to your local electronics store, shopping malls or local counter electronic appliance wholesale market, the nearest to buy PL-210. Because the relationship between sales channels, local prices may be some differences, you can refer to our purchase order price.

■ Direct Service:
We are in the country with customer service centers in major cities, you can also go to these places to buy PL-210. The following are contact centers around the service, everyone on the front of the phone can go.

● Department of Electronics Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, hundreds of
203 Middle Road, Guangzhou City, Central City 10, Block A, Hang Seng Building, Room 1002, 020-86699469

● Beijing Desheng Radio Service
Ding Men Wai, Dongcheng District, on the Dragon on the Dragon Garden 41 West Unit 2-2, Building III, Room 010-84111581

● Health Radio Service Centre on Hyde
Handan Road, Shanghai, Wuxi, Building 98, Room 2002 A 021-61425265

● Electric Co., Ltd. Chongqing, Chongqing wave
220 Xinhua Road, Yuzhong District, Xinhua Road Accord 27-1 (Arran Electronic City) 023-63830161 023-63843776

● Dorsey Co., Ltd. Nanjing
No. 198 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Long International Building, Room 1111, Taiwan 210002 025-84650427 025-84650453

● Hangzhou Radio and Television Services
88 Moganshan Road, Hangzhou 0571-88845345

● Desheng Electric Appliance Co., Ltd. Chengdu
Golden Temple electronics market in Chengdu electrical store room 39, 3rd Floor, Block B 028-86083088 028-83230035

● West Andrew Health Radio Service Center
Middle Yanta Road, Xi'an City 816 Xiansaige computer room 029-85535376 029-85526392

● Electronic Co., Ltd., Lanzhou Kinder
No. 271 Donggang West Road Lanzhou Northwest Hospital, fourth floor, electronic commerce, Room 401, City Parking 0931-8613929 0931-8628561 turn 804

● De-Sheng Trading Co., Ltd. Fuzhou
Tong Wu, Fuzhou Drum Tower District 72 0591-87602798


● Dongguan Desheng Company Consulting Contact:
E-Mail: tecsun@21cn.com
Service Hotline :0769 -22455117 0769-23167118
Desheng Radio Forum SMS: 【http://bbs.tecsun.com.cn/megs.asp?X=2&N=&ord=0】 Attention: Chuan Hou


In addition, for products not covered by the network out of stock or sold to consumers, small towns can be purchased through mail order PL-210;
PL-210 will also be in the German health Taobao while the shelves, and welcome to purchase.

■ mail order through the postal remittance
Remittance Address: Dongcheng District, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, Dongguan Desheng Long Road, Building No. 189 
Payee Name: De-Sheng Electric Customer Service Department     
Postal Code: 523071
Please note: Please write in the column on the remittance postscript your product model, color, quantity and your contact phone number so that we confirm the arrangements for delivery as soon as possible.

■ money order through online banking
Payee name: Dongguan Desheng General Electric Co., Ltd.
Bank: Industrial and Commercial Bank, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, Lake King branch (or the Industrial and Commercial Bank, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, East Branch)
Account number: 2010028619000005256
Please note: Internet Banking transfer, please pay more money, ending a bit, after payment please send your information via e-mail or short message to our forum (the sender's full address, name, zip code, telephone number, the amount the purchase of the product type, color and quantity), so that we can confirm the arrangements for delivery as soon as possible.

■ Taobao purchase by
Taobao Network PL210 counters: 【http://item.taobao.com/auction/item_detail.htm?item_num_id=6716945975】


Tecsun note: We do not Want Alibaba, the user who need to purchase, please direct payments, remittance please send your information via e-mail or forum message to us (the sender's full address, name, zip code, telephone, the amount, the purchase of the product type, color and quantity), so that we can confirm the arrangements for delivery as soon as possible.

Monday, August 30, 2010

Find the best suitable digital camera or DSLR for you

Digital photography or digital cameras has changed our world a lot. Now a days photography is fastest growing hobby among general people. And this is possible only after revolution in digital cameras technology and pricing structure. There are so many options on variety of digital cameras it’s a bit confusing to choose the right camera for you. And people around you may confuse you more. But we got a reliable place, Amazon’s photography shop as a guide where you can choose the best suitable DSLR and other digital photography equipments for you. Give a try.

Conference Calls for your business

There is many websites on IP Phone and telephony solutions but very rare of them offers you the Teleconferencing facility. We found a website meetupcall.com which offers you a good quality Conference Call Services with reasonable pricing and convenient plans. They have plans as low as 2.5 pence per minute multiple billing options. This UK based company offers you the services directly from your own telephone. Several billing plans includes the facility to bill on your existing phone, there is also plans which offers you unlimited conference ID and PINs. The most convenient option is they always provide you a handful of international dial in numbers.
And lastly the these great services can be trialed for free before subscribing them. So, check it out and enjoy.

Apple iPhone 4 invades the blackberry territory

With the launch of iPhone 4 in Canada Apple started invading the Blackberry territory on 30th July 2010. And the iPhone 4 promises a lot and first time users are also very happy with it. ReVierphone in Europe – 3GStore is dealing with a contest whose prize is a 32GB iPhone 4. The fourth generation iPhone is a nice gadget for those who are a multimedia geek. With Apple A4 processor and 512 MB of eDRAM, it has the double power than the first iPhone.

Apple Fan Canadians queued up in front of iPhone stores and other authorized retailers from Toronto to Vancouver almost 24 hours before the delivery of the smart phone started in Canada.

Thursday, August 26, 2010

Deutsche Welle Survey

Dear friends of Deutsche Welle,

 

 

We would like to conduct a survey with our listeners on the image and perceptions of Germany 20 years after reunification.

 

Could you please send us a few statements on the topic or provide short answers to the following questions:

 

 

What comes to your mind when you think of Germany today?

 

Do you think Germany has changed since the reunification in 1990?

 

In your opinion, what is Germany's role in the world today?

 

If you would like to participate, please provide us with your statements, as well as your name, the city and country you are writing from and, if possible, a photo. Some of the contributions will be used on different DW platforms.

 

Thanks in advance – we are looking forward to your reply!

 

Kind regards,

Andrea Schulz
Kundenservice
DEUTSCHE WELLE
T: +49.228.429-3223
F: +49.228.429-154000
E: Andrea.Schulz@dw-world.de

Monday, August 16, 2010

An Interview of Swopan Chakraborty on Radio Japan NHK Bengali Service on 15th August 2010


On 15th August 2010 - Bengali Service, Radio Japan NHK broad-casted an Interview of Mr. Swopan Chakraborty, a DXer from Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) on his listening habits and feelings on Radio Japan - many interesting facts discussed - The Interview can be downloaded and listened via following link.



Thanks & Regards,

Partha Sarathi Goswami

Siliguri – 734001
Dist. Darjeeling,
West Bengal
INDIA

Monday, August 09, 2010

VLC Player - A lightweight all format media player

VLC is a player that can handle majority of audio video files – to say at once it can fulfill all your entertainment needs. It can play almost any type of media including DVDs, CDs, VCDs, web streams and much more. VLC Player installs with many required codec packs already so you don't have to look for codec packs separately. So don’t wait get it from vlc player download. And you might not know that VLC player can also be used as a client as well as a server to stream and receive streams within a network – be it LAN or WAN. It can stream all those files it can read. WOW!

Friday, August 06, 2010

Cell phone monitoring a new technology on rise

Cell phone monitoring or tracking whatever you call it’s a new technology which allows you to monitor your or others cell phone activities stealthily. You can install cell phone monitoring software on your or others Windows, Symbian, BlackBerry, Android or iPhone based smart phone to track it. All the Calls, GPS and SMS logs are uploaded to your personal online monitoring account. You can even access the logs from a remote location by logging into the site from any Internet web browser. You have the right to know!

Friday, July 16, 2010

Brand new Anjan DTS 10

Yesterday (15.7.2010) purchased a brand new Anjan DTS 10 receiver from a Chinese seller via ebay.com for USD 120.00 after hard bargaining (90 USD + 30 USD shipping). Actual offered price USD 112 + USD 30 for shipping, equal to INR 5793.66. Expected to deliver within 10 days.
 
One brand new Redsun RP 2100 is also still available in my a/c @ USD 56.99 + USD 43.00 for shipping.
 
A demo. & performance of my newly purchased Kestrel make Indoor Active Loop Antenna can be seen at the following link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uuce0qDJUVY
(Courtesy: Partha Sarathi Goswami, Siliguri)
 
Thanks,
Swopan Chakroborty
Kolkata

Monday, June 14, 2010

FM 105.1MHz Vietnam FM DX in Siliguri, WB, India, Sporadic E propagation


105.10 MHz     FM    Vietnam - Thanh Hoá Radio from Thanh Hoá (tho) - 10kW

June 14, 2010, 736 AM IST (Local Time) or 0206 UTC

Received at Siliguri City of West Bengal, India

With Redsun 2100RP and built in Telescopic Whip



Station Info: http://fmscan.org/mi.php?i=33201102
itu    VTN
location    Thanh Hoá
reg    tho
coord    105e47/19n50
height    108
locationid    30005193
longitude (hh.mmss)    105.465100
latitude (hh.mmss)    19.501800
longidec    105.780833
latidec    19.838333
precision    2
lfd    33201102
frequency    105.100000
p   
la    vi
program    Thanh Hoá Radio
mod    m
power    10.000000
dir    N
pol    h

Thursday, June 10, 2010

Few african Log and others...

Here are few unorganized logs but I think you might be interested in...

3rd June 2010, 1905 UTC RTV Tunisia in Arabic - talk SINPO 24333

7th June 2010, 2003 UTC RTV Tunisia in Arabic - Song SINPO 343333
sudden closedown at 2006 UTC

June 09, 2010 - 1920 UTC - 9665 kHz REE Spain SINPO 34434 in English

June 3, 2010 - 1703UTC - VOA Radio Ashna in Pashto at 11565 // 11580 kHz

VOA Radio Ashna in Pashto at 11565 kHz - good signal, light fading
(1630-1730UTC)

June 3, 2010 Logs below -

1657UTC - 17840 kHz DW in french via Wofferton receiving nice with clear audio

17745 kHz Sudan Radio Service 1530-1700 UTC ... Arabic & Sudanese mix
- good signal from Sines, Portugalwith little fading

17700 kHz S. Sudan Interact.R.(SSIRI) from Ascension Island, 16-17 UTC
Good Signal, with slight fading, talk in vernacular, in Arabic

17670 kHz ALL INDIA RADIO 1615-1730 UTC ... Hindi from Delhi
(Khampur)- strong Signal discussing about Rabindranath tagore

15650 and 15680 kHz are occupied by Radio Farda IBB, Strong Signal
checking 1630 onwards

Voice of Greece on 15630kHz since 1620 UTC SINPO 34433 verifed with
webstream, the webstream has a time lag morethan 30 Secs

And regarding Sporadic E FM reception - On May 31, 2010 received radio
stations from the Bangkok, Thailand, Balance FM 90 MHz, and DED
National Radio 90.5 MHz from Bangkok at approximate distance of 1,640
kilometres (1,020 mi).
YouTube link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h19ytwv3i8k
and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f553y9nVQhk

--
Thanks & Regards,

Partha Sarathi Goswami

Postal Address:
C/O Kishalaya, Book stall
(Opposite. Siliguri Girls High School)
College Road,
Siliguri – 734001
Dist. Darjeeling,
West Bengal
INDIA
------------------

Skype: dxinginfo

Friday, May 21, 2010

New Zealand Budget 2010 Radio Funding Review : Public Radio Funding 'Holds the Line' whilst Commercial Radio Adjusts to Recession

Media Release
Radio Heritage Foundation
www.radioheritage.net

New Zealand Budget 2010 Radio Funding Review
_______________________

Public Radio Funding 'Holds the Line' whilst Commercial Radio Adjusts to Recession
_______________________


Publicly funded radio broadcasters in New Zealand have essentially
had their funding frozen in the latest government budget for
2010/2011 announced in Wellington yesterday.

New Zealand On Air, the main funding authority has seen its budget
remain the same. It's total budget is NZ$126.9m [US$84.4m] and
includes TV, radio, archiving and new media responsibilities.

It funds Radio New Zealand, community radio stations, the National
Pacific Radio Trust [NPRT] and a small amount of contestable hours
for commercial radio.

Radio New Zealand is again funded to produce 17,520 hours of radio
programs in 2010/2011, which is the same as two x 24 hour networks
across the year. It is likely to continue to operate its RNZ
National and RNZ Concert services and maintain its AM and FM coverage
with this funding.

Fourteen existing community access radio stations and the NPRT will
be bulk funded, but like Radio NZ, they'll also have to meet
increases in operating costs [such as the increase in the Goods &
Services Tax [GST] rate to 15% from October 1, salaries, rentals,
energy] from within existing allocations.

This will put pressure on creativity to find new income sources, such
as finding more sponsorship partners, increasing the paid membership
base for the access stations, or increasing charges to program makers
and holding back on capital expenditure such as new facilities.

NPRT operates the Niu FM Network, Niu FM 103.8 [Auckland] and 531pi
[Auckland] and its budget is frozen at NZ$3m [[US$2m] with each
station funded for 24 hour operation and an increase in the number of
hours broadcasting in at least 9 Pacific languages.

In addition, funding for the nationwide network of Iwi [Maori
language] radio stations has been frozen at NZ$11.34m [US$7.54m] to
provide for 60,000 hours of Maori language and cultural radio
programs. There are currently 21 iwi radio stations.

Meanwhile, New Zealand's international shortwave broadcaster to the
Pacific, Radio NZ International [RNZI] sees its funding also frozen
at NZ$1.9m [US$1.26m] for continued delivery of 16 hours of quality
reception level of its programs to a minimum of 11 Pacific nations.

According to the Radio Heritage Foundation, the funding levels will
challenge all publicly funded broadcasters. However, no public
broadcasters are expected to reduce or remove existing services
although there may be more music programs and less spoken word
documentaries and current affairs programs.

The two major commercial radio networks in New Zealand [Radioworks
and The Radio Network] have already faced declines in advertising
revenue, and rationalized some local services with increased
networking hours and closure of marginal stations to cope with the
ongoing recession.

Another network operator [Rhema Broadcasting Group] relies heavily on
membership dues and donations and has seen its donation income drop
considerably in the past year.

New Zealand private and commercial broadcasters are also faced with
20 year licence renewals scheduled in 2011, over 250 FM frequency
changes currently underway, and increased competition from new local
commercial stations and online streaming of radio stations from
overseas.

Digital broadcasting has been tested but is unlikely to be introduced
within the near future.

Like the publicly funded broadcasters, private commercial radio in
New Zealand also faces increased costs from the GST increase,
pressure on salaries and operating costs and has the added challenge
of reduced advertising expenditure.

The Radio Heritage Foundation is a registered non-profit organization
connecting popular culture, nostalgia and radio heritage across the
Pacific. Its global website www.radioheritage.net offers free
community access to Pacific Radio Guides and other valuable
resources. Annual supporter packages start at US$10 and online
advertising rates are now available.

New Zealand Budget 2010: RNZI (Radio New Zealand International) Funding Frozen

Media Release
Radio Heritage Foundation
www.radioheritage.net

New Zealand Budget 2010
Radio New Zealand International Funding Frozen
_______________________


Radio New Zealand International [RNZI], the country's shortwave
broadcaster receives no additional funding in the latest government
budget for 2010/2011 announced in Wellington yesterday.

Funding remains at NZ$1.9m [US$1.26m] and it's required to deliver 16
hours of good quality reception daily to a minimum of 11 Pacific
nations with one 100kW analog transmitter installed in 1990 and one
100kW digital capable transmitter installed in 2005.

The primary coverage nations it's funded for are French Polynesia,
Cook Islands, Tokelau, American Samoa, Samoa, Niue, Tonga, Wallis and
Futuna, Fiji, Tuvalu, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.

The secondary coverage nations are Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea,
Nauru and Kiribati, whilst general coverage must be provided to the
Asia/Pacific and Pacific Rim region including the Federated States of
Micronesia, Marshall Islands and Palau.

In addition, RNZI must increase the number of Pacific radio stations
relaying or rebroadcasting its news bulletins to 18 and is permiited
a maximum 1% of transmission time lost from equipment failure.

The Radio Heritage Foundation welcomes the continued funding of RNZI
as recognition by the government that it provides a valuable service
for New Zealand's interests in the Pacific.

'At a time when many shortwave broadcasters face budget cuts and
complete closedown of services, this continued confidence in RNZI's
ability to deliver a quality service with a bare-bones budget is
tribute to the extreme dedication to duty and pragmatism of the
entire RNZI team" says chairman David Ricquish.

RNZI provides valuable cyclone, extreme weather watch and tsunami
warnings for the entire South Pacific region. It also provides local
FM quality news, information and other programs for rebroadcast on a
growing number of local Pacific island radio stations.

"With Fiji in media censorship lockdown and media freedoms poorly
understood in many of the target nations, RNZI provides local
listeners with a respected and valuable news source from a Pacific
perspective" adds Ricquish.

"Every week, thousands of New Zealanders are on holiday, on business
visits or working and living in the Pacific and RNZI provides a
valuable service for their continued safety."

"To maintain this security, RNZI should also be urgently capital
funded for a replacement of the 20 year old analog transmitter with
another high power digital capable shortwave transmitter sooner
rather than later" says Ricquish.

Catastrophic RNZI transmitter failure co-inciding with natural
disasters or sudden political events and instability in the region
could threaten the lives of New Zealanders and New Zealand's security
and commercial interests.

Radio Heritage Foundation is a registered non-profit organization
connecting popular culture, nostalgia and radio heritage across the
Pacific. It's global website www.radioheritage.net offers free
community access to Pacific Radio Guides and other valuable
resources. Annual supporter packages start at US$10 and online
advertising rates are now available.



Thursday, May 13, 2010

Logs from South Asia - Middle East MW, SW from Africa - Djibouti, Uganda, Botswana, Sao tome[São Tomé]

Hi,

I had been to my village home yesterday which is 7 kilometers from my present living location, far out from city, 

The Geo location as follows

Lat    = 26.659958 N
Long = 88.417153 E

Set up 2 long wires, One 12 meter long towards Japan, another is 10.5 meter long towards Near East, Europe.

1913 UTC 1503 kHz JoR Sor2 , Surat Thani, Thailand  SINPO 34333

1915 UTC 1521 kHz NoR ThoR, Phor, Bangkok  SINPO 34333

1918 UTC 1539 kHz VOA Radyo Aap Ki Dunya, Hindi Movie Songs, Asha Bhonsle (Singer) Special,  SINPO 44434

1925 UTC 1557 kHz WYFR via Taiwan SINPO 44333

1928 UTC 1575 kHz Radio Farda Abu Dhabi SINPO 44334

1929 UTC 1593 kHz Arabic program - R. Free Iraq from Kuwait (?)  SINPO 34343

1944 UTC 4780 kHz Djibouti - Local programme, vernacular talk, songs in Arabic (?) SINPO 34343 

1950 UTC 4930 kHz VOA English Via Botswana, SINPO 34443

1951 UTC 4940 kHz VOA English Via Sao tome, SINPO 34443

1955 UTC 4976 kHz UBC Uganda - Talk in vernacular (presumed in Swahili) SINPO 34333

1958 UTC 5830 kHz Radio Farda Persian SINPO 44444


Receivers Used RedSun RP2100 and Sony ICF SW7600GR


--
Thanks & Regards,

Partha Sarathi Goswami

Siliguri – 734001
Dist. Darjeeling,
West Bengal
INDIA
------------------

Saturday, May 08, 2010

RTI Plus Winners

Radio Taiwan International Announced the winners list of their New Show RTI Plus.

The following listeners will receive a souvenir from RTI. They include:



    * Martin Gallas
    * Terry Robinson
    * Ashanti Region
    * Charles Wompiah
    * Chris Larkosh
    * Sandhya Yadav
    * Rajdeep Das
    * John Rutledge
    * A. K. M. Nuruzzaman,[ Rajshahi, Bangladesh ]
    * Swopan Chakdroborty, [Kolkata India]
    * Aspak Ahammed Chaudhury
    * Helmut Matt
    * Panha Pen
    * Ejaz Ahmad
    * Samsun Islan Mou , [ Rajshahi, Bangladesh ]
    * M.N. Sentu , [ Rajshahi, Bangladesh ]
    * Mark F. Tattenbaum
    * T. Elampooranan
    * Deepa Chakraborty
    * Jaydeep Chakrabarty
    * P. Pravathi Ramana Rao
    * Jayanta Chakrabarty ,India
    * Agide Melloni
    * Anil Tamrakar
    * Cam Archbold
    * Salahuddin Ibrahim
    * Samson Manohar
    * Aaron Tiu
    * Ashik Eqbal Tokon [ Rajshahi, Bangladesh ]
    * Christer Brunstrom
    * Kanchan kr. Chatterjee


Ashik Eqbal Tokon [http://ashikdx.blogspot.com/]
Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Wednesday, May 05, 2010

New Australian Radio Guide :: radioheritage.net

Media Release
Radio Heritage Foundation
www.radioheritage.net

________________________________________
Australian AM Radio 1611-1701
Italian, Country, Arabic, Greek and Gold
________________________________________

Almost 70 low power stations are now broadcasting in Australia's
expanded AM radio dial almost two decades after the new channels
became available says the Radio Heritage Foundation which has just
updated a contemporary guide to them at www.radioheritage.net.

Originally populated by ethnic broadcasters and niche formats, the
situation remains little unchanged in 2010 as attempts to bring the
low cost extra frequencies into mainstream media have largely failed
to materialize.

Existing commercial broadcasters saw these licences as a dangerously
cheap back door into digital broadcasting and lobbied strongly to
exclude 1611-1701 AM stations from digital entitlements. Coupled with
poor availability of AM radios able to tune to the new frequencies,
attempts by commercial aspirants like Radio 2 to establish economics
of scale and a nationwide network collapsed.

In 2010, the major players on air are Rete Italia [part of the
Italian Media publishing and media group], The Goanna [a fledgling
country music network co-owned with 2ME an Arabic language station],
Smart Group's Hot Country from Queensland, whilst small footholds in
the band have been claimed by 3ABN and Queensland based Christian
network Vision FM.

A small cluster of independent stations air a variation on the 'Gold'
music format of 1960's hits popular with babyboomers, two Greek
language stations compete for listeners in Sydney, and a handful of
other stations serve ethnic markets for Chinese, Hindi, Arabic,
Islamic and Lebanese Christian audiences.

A large number of licences held in the 1611-1701 AM band have
remained silent for many years and are unlikely to ever come on air.

The Radio Heritage Foundation has released a detailed list of
Australian stations currently operating in the 1611-1701 AM band
together with analysis of this fascinating and little known
broadcasting landscape.

It's currently available as a downloadable Word document at
www.radioheritage.net and will be updated regularly.

____________________________________________________
Radio Heritage Foundation is a registered non-profit organization
connecting popular culture, nostalgia and radio heritage across the
Pacific. The global website is www.radioheritage.net and all content
is available free. Annual supporter packages starting at US$10 and
online advertising rates are now available. Donations welcomed via
PAYPAL.
____________________________________________________

Tuesday, April 27, 2010

DW FM Bangladesh

Dear Friends,

Would like to inform you that, DW have not yet received on FM in Rajshahi, Rangpur and Khulna (last logging 27 April UTC 1400-1425).
Friends from Khulna confirmed, not receiving FM there and DXer Salahuddin Dolar also confirmed me DW FM only On Air on Dhaka, Sylhet and Chittagong only.

73 from

Ashik

Thursday, April 22, 2010

Re: [dxld] Holy Tibet via CNR 11

Yesterday heard Holy Tibet 
from 1630 to 1700 UTC in 594, 4905, 4920, 6110, 6130, 6200 kHz

I have not checked other frequencies, as I preferred to listen it on 594 kHz MW with good reception as there was a local power cut at that time.

RX: Redsun RP 2100
Antenna: built in antennas.
Listening post:  26.719010 North; 88.434126 East
-- 
73s,

Partha Sarathi Goswami

On Tue, Apr 13, 2010 at 8:15 AM, Sei-ichi Hasegawa wrote:


Schedule of Holy Tibet via CNR-11 was changed from April 11.
Holy Tibet in English via CNR-11
1400-1430 6010, 7350, 9480
0500-0530 9530, 11685, 15570
 
The schedule of Tibet PBS is not changed.
Holy Tibet in English via Tibet PBS
2230-2300 4905, 4920, 5240, 6110, 6130, 6200, 7255, 7385
0600-0630 4905, 4920, 5240, 6110, 6130, 6200, 9490, 9580
1530-1600 4905, 4920, 5240, 6110, 6130, 6200, 7255, 7385  
 
de Hiroshi
 
S.Hasegawa
NDXC

Tuesday, April 20, 2010

The Secret War - The Battle of the Beams

Source: From Youtube;

A crumbled piece of paper recovered from a crashed German bomber had written on it a list of navigational aids: light and radio beacons; it also included a codename, 'Knickebein' - 'The Crooked Leg' a name unknown to British intelligence. The unravelling of the secrets of Knickebein by British scientists led to the Battle of the Beams and the first moves in electronic warfare.

The story of re-commissioning the transmitter to prosecute the war was a huge state secret. Many of the BBC engineers involved signed the Official Secrets Act and until late in their lives were mostly reluctant to make their story public. There are surprisingly few public records to help historians.

The scientific boffins within the intelligence agencies tasked Professor R.V. Jones with finding out how the transmitter might be used. Based at Bletchley Park , Jones scoured pre-war files of the Secret Intelligence Services to see if there was any evidence of a German secret weapon.

At the same time as this research was ongoing in early 1940, BBC engineer Tony Bridgewater was asked to return to Ally Pally to get the transmitter up and running on a care and maintenance basis; he was almost certainly unaware of what for. They would soon be pressed into service.

By the end of 1940 intelligence reports showed that a new system was being developed because the British had clearly learned to jam that system. The Y-Gerat system was a groundbreaking a way of keeping ahead of British jamming capabilities.

By a stroke of good fortune, the Y-Gerat system was working within the same frequency spectrum (40-50MHz) as the sound and vision television transmitter at.You guessed it, Ally Pally!

In October 1940 Wilfred Pafford, another engineer with the BBC since 1932, returned to head up operations at Ally Pally for Operation Domino. He was to remain as the engineer in charge until the end of the War.

The MoD decided to set up a listening station at Swains Lane in Highgate. In a set of huts attached to a huge relay transmitter (a huge mast is still in place) used for Outside Broadcasts before the war, a domestic EMI television was modified to listen to the radio traffic between the German command station in Kassel (and elsewhere in France) and the German navigators on bombing raids over Britain.

Incoming German bomber pilots would maintain the aircraft's correct bearing by following an instrument which monitored the path of a radio beam. When the German ground station had calculated the pilot was correctly positioned over the target a message from the ground station was sent instructing the bomb aimer to release his load.

From February 4th 1941 the date of the first bombing raid using the Y-Gerat system on Britain, by pure coincidence everything was in place to give the Swains Lane and Ally Pally teams a crucial opportunity to interfere with the information being sent to the bomb aimer.

In effect, BBC Engineers had devised a system which could 'capture' the German frequency momentarily and create a 'howl round' effect in the German navigational device when the transmitter at Ally Pally was switched on. Imagine the sound when a microphone is turned up too high at a concert: All that in the flying crew's headphones.

Once the operators at Swains Lane had decided that the German navigator had missed his opportunity to identify the target, the Ally Pally transmitter would be turned to standby ready to be re-activated for the next bomb aimer.

The jamming system may have been relatively crude but it's claimed that no more than 25% of bombers on Y-Gerat controlled air raids released their bomb loads.

It's estimated that this system of jamming went undetected until May 1941. So adept had the BBC engineers become that even when the Germans suspected their system was fallible it was simply a matter of retuning the transmitter when the German operators changed the frequency. Ally Pally's role remained undetected.

The BBC transmitter can claim credit for undermining a crucial part of the technology which aimed to lay waste to many of our cities.

Wilfred Pafford has just celebrated his 101st birthday and now lives in a nursing home in Southern England, the last of the Battle of the Beam engineers.

Part One: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OAhKcs...



Part Two: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eiSqCD...

Part Three: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDv1EL...

Part Four:

Part Five: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JPy2VL...

Originally transmitted: 5th January 1977

A news report on Alexandra Palace during World War II can be viewed here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uVhLJj...

This film footage is from the Archive Collection held by the Alexandra Palace Television Society.

http://www.apts.org.uk

~ APTS ~
Preserving the televisual past for the digital future

Tuesday, April 13, 2010

All India Radio Churachandpur to be inaugurated

A red-letter day for Churachandpur district today
Source: Hueiyen News Service

Imphal, April 12 2010: April 12, Tuesday, 2010 will remain as a red-letter day in the history of Manipur in general, and Churachandpur district in particular.

This day will be a special day for the All India Radio too ! .

For, the All India Radio Churachandpur station will be officially inaugurated tomorrow after 10 years of completion of the construction of the station complex, and having all the necessary machineries, equipments and staffs.

State Chief Minister Okram Ibobi will inaugurate the station at a glittering function to be held on the premises of the radio station at Churachandpur tomorrow morning.

Minister of Power, Horticulture & Soil Conservation, Science & Technology, Phungzathang Tonsing, Minister of PHED, Information & Public Relations and Tourism, TN Haokip and other MLAs of assembly constituencies of Churachandpur district are expected to be present on the historic occasion.

Deputy Director General, All India Radio, North East Region-II, C Lalrosanga will also attend the function.

He has been camping in Imphal for the past three days specially for the inauguration of the Churachandpur station of AIR.

Chief Minister Ibobi will anounce the most eagerly awaited "link-language" of the AIR Churachandpur station during the inaugural function tomorrow.

It is worth mentioning here that preparations for commisioning the AIR Churachandpur station were completed way back in 2000 .

However, due to a dispute regarding which dialect would be the link-language, the commissioning of the station had remained postponed for the last almost 10 years.

Earlier, Prasar Bharti had approved Paite dialect as the link-language of the station.

But controversy arose, and commissioning of the AIR Churachandpur station could not materialise.

The matter was taken to Gauhati High Court.

The High Court later ordered that the decision on which dialect should be the link-language of the AIR Churachandpur should be taken by the Government of Manipur.

After years of procrastination, for fear of treading on communal sentiments, the Government of Manipur under the leadership of Chief Minister O Ibobi has recently taken a bold decision to commission the AIR Churachandpur station.

Most reliable sources told this newspaper that the State Cabinet recently took the decision on which dialect should be the link-language of the station.

However, due to fear of a possible communal backlash, the authority decided that it would be the best to keep the link-language as a secret till the inauguration, when the Chief Minister himself would make the historic announcement.

Sources said that the earlier dispute regarding the link-language had been solved under the initiative of Chief Minister O Ibobi.

That is how the AIR Churachandpur station is going to be inaugurated tomorrow, the sources said.

Deputy Director General, AIR NE Region-II C Lalrosanga told this newspaper that the All India Radio would go along with the decision on the link-language taken by the Government of Manipur.

Superintending Engineer of AIR Imphal, Md Kamaruddin told the Hueiyen Lanpao that the AIR Churachandpur is going to be an independent radio station, with its own station director, programme executives, staffs and all.

It's not going to be a local branch of AIR Imphal.

To start with the programmes, the AIR Churachandpur will relay the programmes of FM Rainbow of New Delhi from 4 pm to 5.30 pm.

From 5.30 pm onward, direct local programmes will be broadcast.

The daily programmes will start from 4pm and close at 9.30 pm.

The AIR Churachandpur station will cover the entire district.